The Role of Violence and Suffering in the Novel Frankenstein Free Essay Example, 1250 words

As it was wrong in the beginning, a series of tragedy followed with Victor’s bride Elizabeth being murdered by the monster during their wedding night. He became filled with revenge as what the monster was; that he became preoccupied about chasing the monster to avenge Elizabeth’s death. The fallibility of human judgment that can lead to suffering and violence is also best demonstrated during the process of Victor Frankenstein’s creation of his second monster. Even if he assented to create the second monster to give the first monster a partner, his judgment failed him when he suspected that he was being tricked by the first monster. Again, this demonstrates human being’s capacity of subtle violence in the form of ill will and suspicion that led him to destroy the second monster. Victor Frankenstein initiated the first violence against the first monster indirectly when he destroyed the second monster. Worst, he aggravated the situation when he threw the remains of the second monster into the sea that led to a series of murders beginning with Henry, the person who nursed him when he was ill when he created the first monster. We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Violence and Suffering in the Novel Frankenstein or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now What followed next was a demonstration how revenge fuels violence that even the creator of the monsters, Victor Frankenstein himself succumbed to it. Man just cannot play God even if the intention to create life is well meaning. As a creation himself, Victor would like imitate God but he just cannot do it because of his limited faculty being just a creation himself. As a man creating another, â€Å"perfection is unattainable† (Kessler 147) and what Victor Frankenstein gave the monster is not life but just the experience of being created (Kessler 85). The experience that Victor Frankenstein provided the monster was not factors that can be considered as a human experience because it is devoid of human connection and filled with misery, desolation and alienation. There was no other way that his monster could turn out to be, but a monster, a flawed creation of a flawed creator. The monster, being an assortment of parts of men, is an unhappy product of man’s inexorable nature and its heart is â€Å"a collection of the emotions that he has to be bear throughout his strange life† (Kessler 87). It has no â€Å"center† or a soul because it failed to grasp the breadth of human experience that includes joy, happiness, ecstasy, that makes one a truly human being. The monster had only a glimpse of hope of what it is like to be compassionate when the family cottagers took him in.

The Objectification and Dehumanization of Women in...

Everyday we expose ourselves to thousands of advertisements in a wide variety of environments where ever we go; yet, we fail to realize the influence of the implications being sold to us on these advertisements, particularly about women. Advertisements don’t just sell products; they sell this notion that women are less of humans and more of objects, particularly in the sexual sense. It is important to understand that the advertising worlds’ constant sexual objectification of women has led to a change in sexual pathology in our society, by creating a culture that strives to be the unobtainable image of beauty we see on the cover of magazines. Even more specifically it is important to study the multiple influences that advertisements have†¦show more content†¦In fact, â€Å"from 1997 to 2007, these procedures, overall, rose 457% to almost 12 million per year and an increase of 114% in actual surgeries, such as breast implants and liposuction†(Hodgson), al l as a result of the influence of the advertising environment. Yet despite these statistics, many people feel exempt from the influence of advertising, this is because â€Å"only 8% of an ad’s message is received by the conscious mind, the rest is worked and reworked deep within the recesses of the brain†(Kilbourne). This working and reworking of the ad’s subliminal message of the brain is exponentially increased by the amount of ad’s the average American is exposed to every day. On average, Americans are exposed to over three thousand advertisements per day and will have been spent two years of their lives watching advertisements on the Internet and television by the time they die. This two hundred and fifty billion dollar per year industry that we call advertising profits from the appeasement of its consumers but at the cost of the consumers mental state. The cost of this environment, however, goes much further than just the environment itself, and exte nds rather into the direct objectification and dehumanization of women. While often times we see this thin cut, impossibly perfect portrayal of a woman on the cover of aShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Borgata Hotel Casino And Spa864 Words   |  4 PagesUpon a quick glance, the advertisement published in 2015 by Borgata Hotel Casino and Spa appears to be abundant in color, joyful and fairytale-like; at least when I first saw it a year ago. However, after reading about the different variations of objectification in advertisements I no longer see the ad as an innocent take on fairytales. Advertisements are meant to be geared to a public, or a specific public, in order to sell a product. Still, some ads showcase women as the product or at least a wayRead MoreHorrific Treatment Women In The Middle East. Spring 2017.1718 Words   |  7 Pages Horrific Treatment Women in the Middle East Spring 2017 Sociology 102 Gerardo Matamoros Have you ever felt discriminated against for no reason? At some point in our lives we will encounter people that will discriminate us for irrelevant aspects. Plenty of people tend to discriminate against others when they feel threatened because of the persons’ intellect, or other factors that may make the person look inferior. Unfortunately, discrimination comes in differentRead MoreSexist Language And Its Effects On Women Essay1108 Words   |  5 PagesDehumanizing women has become such a global problem it almost seems like it s the new norm. Now and throughout history, derogatory language has played a major role in the longstanding victimization of women. Women are often looked at like some type of property, with having no emotion or feeling. This act can lead women to being sexually assaulted, humiliated by ads and shamed through language. In many ways women are looked at as less than humans. So what are women? Are they human or are they lessRead MoreTaking a Look at Mag azine Advertisements505 Words   |  2 PagesCompanies have been using advertisements in magazines as means of marketing for many decades now. While the purpose for ads, which is to get the consumer to buy their products, is seemingly obvious. Most of the messages that ads are sending are being received to the viewer’s subconscious mind. As Jean Kilbourne touches upon in her documentary Killing Us Softly 4, ads not only tell us what we need to buy, they tell us who we are (Killbourne, 2010). The specific ad I will be analyzing is an ad thatRead MoreGender Roles Throughout The World1944 Words   |  8 PagesWomen are often subject to gender roles throughout the world, even in countries that are aggressively striving for gender equality. These misogynistic views have been embedded in cultural values for centuries now, with the majority of societies worldwide being dominated by a patriarchal set of ideals. Eisend’s (2010) â€Å"A Meta-analysis of Gender Roles in Advertising† provides a meta-analysis built off of 64 studies analyzing data collected from past advertisements, and compares them to presentRead MoreViolent Media Affect Male Perception Of Female Value Leading Higher Levels Of Sexual Violence1753 Words   |  8 Pagesavailability for sex. Women are being sexually exposed more so then men. In a recent study of Rolling Stone Magazine covers over time it found that 17 percent of men were sexualized (an increase of 55 percent from the ‘60s), and 83 percent of women were sexualized (an increase of 89 percent) (Donovan, â€Å"Study Finds Marked Rise†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). Since we hit the 2000s there are 10 times more hyper sexualized images of females than males, and 11 times more non-sexualized images of males than females. Women in the mediaRead MoreMass Media Effects on Women1721 Words   |  7 Pages28, Nov, 2012 Mass media Effects on women Advertisement put adverse impact on women’s these could be internal or external. Internally when women watch ideal or thin images of models in advertisement then they feel very unattractive compare to the models in commercials. They feel lower self-esteem and self-concept in them and it generates anxiety or depression in women. According to article† negative body image is associated with poor self-esteem, anxietyRead MoreThe Self Objectification Theory Of Women4667 Words   |  19 PagesSelf-objectification Theory Objectification occurs when a person’s body is evaluated as a separate entity with a blatant disregard to the human who occupies it. When objectification occurs it dehumanizes the individual and turns them into an object that is to be used for someone else’s pleasure. Women in westernized cultures are particularly subject to this type of treatment and the detrimental effects it can cause (Harper Tiggemann, 2008). Often as a result, objectification is turned inwardRead MoreEssay about Women and Advertising2280 Words   |  10 Pagesbetterment with the purchase of a certain product. They are breeding grounds for stereotypes; most, if not all, are negative. They provide impossible body images for women to strive towards, and sadly, many women do. The repercussions of these images and stereotypes are quite serious. The female body image is distorted, and many women and girls, in effort to reach the distorted image, develop serious eating disorders. The perpetuation of sex in ads creates a casual attitude towards sex. Sex is usedRead MoreGender Roles Of Women And Women3211 Words   |  13 Pagessocial constructs that determine how men and women are viewed, categorized, and stereotyped. In theory, gender roles seem benign: they are, after all, simply relics of cultural tradition; in practice however, they have proved malignant, and are the root of many obstacles women and men face in the United States today, confining individuals through archaic, sexist assumptions and stereotypes. At the heart of this stereotyping is the idea that true women are sensitive, nurturing, and submissive to the

Is America a Christian Nation Free Essays

â€Å"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. † Thomas Jefferson wrote those words to express the emotions of a nation that desired freedom, and to shake the foundation of the British Empire. However, this simple, but eloquent phrase has sparked one of the greatest debates in American history. We will write a custom essay sample on Is America a Christian Nation or any similar topic only for you Order Now Is America a Christian nation? One question has divided the nation and its politicians since the founding and forming of America. This fiery debate has sparked more controversy than any other debate in modern politics. When the facts are analyzed and examined it points to the side that America was not, and is not a Christian nation. It is not a Christian nation because the Founding Father’s ideas for this country were no meant to be entangled with a national religion. There are clear and precise arguments on both sides, but one must put aside all biases and see that America’s founders had no intention of making America into a nation that was centered on one religion. Through their own writings, letters, and actions the founders have shown that creating a government that protected the rights and liberties of the people was the primary and fundamental goal. The War for American Independence was not fought because the colonists wanted to separate from England, which already had a national religion, to create another nation based on a religion. It was fought in order to free themselves from the tyrannical monarchs that lived hundreds of miles away. In order to discover the solution to this debate the founding of this nation must be analyzed in detail. Furthermore, it is important to look at this history because this debate deals directly with the founding principles, rather than the evolution of American government. The first question that must be asked is why the founders would be opposed to a national religion (or Christian nation) if that is what they had before. For instance, one battle cry of the revolution was, â€Å"Give me liberty, or give me death! † It was not, give me religion or give me death, so it was clear to see that the people in America were not revolting because they felt their freedom of religion was in danger. It was an important part f their history though. As a matter of fact, the fear of religious persecution was not far removed from their memories. The men that had come to America had witnessed firsthand the results of a corrupt national church. They had come from the Anglican Church, which was created solely because Henry VIII wanted to divorce his wife. Many came to the colonies of America because the corrupt church was challenging their beliefs and not allowing them to worship as they saw fit. These men and woman realized that having a national religion did not give more rights or promote religion, but simply corrupted it. The founders believed that religion should be left up to the people to carry out how they see fit, without interference from any type of government. Those who claim that America was a Christian nation often point to the phrase in the â€Å"Declaration of Independence† where Jefferson invokes the name of the â€Å"Creator. † Even though this seems like a valid point, the truth is that Jefferson and many of the other Founding Fathers were not Christians, but rather Deists. This worldview states that a higher power created the universe and all those in it, but then left it alone and does not care or pay attention to his creation. Jefferson may have been referring to god, but it was certainly not the Christian God of the Bible. Like many of the prominent statesmen of that day, Jefferson knew who he was addressing. In the colonies, the majority of people would be considered Christians. Whether or not Jefferson or the other founders believed in the Christian God, they knew they had to secure the support of the people. People, would certainly be more likely to follow a plan to take on the greatest empire in the world if they believed their cause was supported by God. Secondly, when supporters of the Christian nation idea point to the Declaration as proof they fail to realize something. The Declaration is not law. Nothing in the Declaration legally guides the way American government or its people function. Even though it set up the foundation for this new nation, it cannot be regarded as any type of legal document that would give evidence of a Christian based nation. However, even if someone were to look at the Declaration as proof, there are more misconceptions. The idea in the Declaration of a government that derives its power from the people is adically different from the theory of divine rights that is seen in the Christian kingdoms of the past. The founder’s idea of a government by and for the people completely rejects the idea of a government where man derives the right to maintain power from a divine being. Moreover, if the founders had wanted to remain in that type of society than they could have used much simpler terms, rather than using the confusing, vague terms such as â€Å"Creator. † Since the Declaration is not in fact a law, one must look at the actual document that guides the way American government is supposed to act, the Constitution. If the founders had intended to create a Christian nation, then it would follow that their laws would follow in that way. However, this is not the case. In reality, it could not be further from the truth. For example, in Article VI section 3 of the Constitution it states that will be no religious test for public office. If the founders intended for a national religion, then why not make influential, political figures be held to some religious standard? Once again, the evidence points to the founders trying to avoid the route of so many of the nations that came before them. In yet another attempt to make sure there was no national religion, the 1st Amendment to Constitution states that, â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting the establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof. † Clearly, the founders knew that establishing a national religion would result in the persecution of any other religion or belief system. Also, the establishment clause has been interpreted to mean there is a wall of separation between church and state, according to the Supreme Court. Even though this â€Å"wall† is not in the Constitution, it is implied through the 1st Amendment. Finally, the laws and fundamental beliefs were based off the ideas of John Locke and Greek philosophers. The argument that states that common law and the natural rights of man came from any type of religious belief system cannot be used. Therefore, the foundation of this country was not based on Biblical (or any other religious) standards, when it came to the policies and functions of the US government. If the laws and history of the founders point to a rejection of national religion, what about how they lived out these policies? What did their actions and writings say about how they intended to run America? When one looks at the founder’s polices and laws, it is obvious that they never intended for America to have an established religion. Firstly, in 1779 Thomas Jefferson presented the â€Å"Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom† to an assembly in Virginia. This statute would greatly influence the 1st Amendment in that it was concerned with the corruption of national religion and the persecution of those who think differently. â€Å"Whereas, Almighty God hath created the mind free; that all attempts to influence it by temporal punishments or [burdens] or by civil incapacitations tend only to beget habits of hypocrisy and meanness. Clearly, the founders were aware of the eminent dangers that would follow creating an establishment of religion. Moreover, this statute was supported by James Madison, who is considered to be the author of the Constitution, and a group of Baptists that had been largely persecuted when there was an established religion. Furthermore, before the C onstitution was ratified there was much debate over what type of government to have. â€Å"The Federalist Papers† were a series of essays defending the Constitution and a more powerful federal government than that of the Articles of Confederation. One of the main fears of the Federalists was the creation of factions. This meant groups, most likely political parties gaining control and causing a tyranny of the majority. Under the pseudonym â€Å"Publius† James Madison argued that even religious sects could become tyrannical when he wrote, â€Å"A religious sect may degenerate into a political faction in a part of the Confederacy; but the variety of sects dispersed over the entire face of it must secure the national councils against any danger from that source,† Obviously, this is an argument for a Union rather than a confederacy, but it clearly shows the founders fear of a national religion. They believed, like they had seen in the past that an established religion would be nothing more than a corrupt, political faction. Moreover, the most glaring, apparent proof that the founders did not want a national religion was when they were dealing with foreign nations. After the War for American Independence, the former colonies had to deal with the Barbary pirates themselves as they no longer had protection from England or France. Therefore a treaty was signed at Tripoli, in order to ensure peace and friendship between the two battling sides. This document was signed and ratified by President John Adams and was unanimously voted through by the Senate. Article 11 of the treaty states that, â€Å"As the Government of the United States of America is not, in any sense, founded on the Christian religion; as it has in itself no character of enmity against the laws, religion, or tranquility, of Mussulmen; and, as the said States never entered into any war, or act of hostility against any Mahometan nation, it is declared by the part that no pretext arising from religious opinions, shall ever produce an interruption of the harmony existing between the two countries. Even though this was a treaty it showed what the founders truly believed about the nation that they had created. Furthermore, according to Article VI section 2 of the Constitution all treaties made by Congress shall become the supreme law of the land. There is the idea that this article was merely added to please the Muslim nation, which is a valid point. However, bec ause it was a treaty it became law after it was ratified by the Senate. Why would the founders make such a bold statement that would become the supreme law of the land if they did not really mean it? It is apparent that the founders were clearly stating, in this treaty, what they had already considered to be true. The study of history is important because it allows people to learn from the mistakes and errors of those in the past. The founders were some of the most intelligent men that have ever walked this earth and were certainly scholars of history. Therefore, they saw the corruption and persecution that was brought upon by the establishments of national religions. In no way were the founders hostile towards Christianity, Judaism, Deism, or any other religious beliefs. If anything, when the arguments are analyzed the founders were trying to protect religions and peoples religious beliefs more than anything else. By not allowing the establishment of religion they ensured that, for example, Christianity would be handled by the different churches and denominations of that religion, and not by a unitary government figure. Through their actions, writings, and policies it was evidently clear that America was never meant to be a Christian nation. In order to maintain the principles of liberty, the founding fathers had to create a nation where religion could flourish without the flaws and corruptions that come with combining a source of power with religious belief. If they had not done this, history would have surely repeated itself and the corruption of the church and government would have been much greater. How to cite Is America a Christian Nation, Essay examples

Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation

Question: Discuss about the Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation. Answer: Introduction: Cells need glucose for the formation of ATP. ATP is an active molecule in all body cells. The role of ATP is to initiate conformational changes in the cell. The conformational change allows cells to serve many functions like the movement of proteins, enzyme activation, making of proteins, and cell replication just to mention a few. In this case, cells need glucose in order to produce energy. Other than glucose, cells can produce energy from other sources like sugar, fats, proteins, and alcohol (Burmeister, Ayala, Smouse, Rocha Ayala, 2017). Homeostasis refers to the maintenance of a stable internal environment based on the changes in the external environment. The maintenance is imperative in order to maintain metabolism. In this case, it is essential for the body to maintain the glucose in the blood by the use of the hormonal system. After there is an elevation of blood glucose, the level of glucose begins to rise because of the carbohydrates, which are digested and absorbed. The rise in glucose level is detected by the beta cells that will produce additional insulin (Stechemesser, Eder, Feldman, Strasser Zandanell, 2017). The insulin produced connects with the proteins in the liver, this leads to more protein channels opening to allow entry of more glucose to enter the blood cells. In addition, the insulin facilitates the enzyme to change glucose into glycogen for storage. The level of glucose in the blood is calculated in terms of milligrams per deciliter. Generally, if there is an imbalance in the level of glucose i n the blood, the pancreas will produce the required amount of insulin in order to bring the glucose to the required range (Soares, Pannu, Calton, Reid Hills, 2017). For a homeostasis, there is always some insulin being produced by the pancreas to meet the fluctuating glucose level in the blood. With an elevated glucose level, glucose will be too high in the body to be absorbed, the amount of insulin will spike in response to the increasing amount of glucose. The spike in insulin levels is to create a balance for glucose in the blood. In most cases, the spike happens too fast, which is almost simultaneous and falls when the amount of glucose falls. Therefore, when there is an elevation of glucose in the blood, the pancreas releases insulin, which brings a balance for intake into the cells (Mulvihill, Varin, Gladana, Baggio Bang, 2017). Getting sufficient vitamin D and calcium is vital for strong and dense bones. Other than building bones, calcium is responsible for a blood clot, muscle contract, and nerve functions. On the other hand, vitamin D is essential for the protection of bones and the absorption of calcium. Calcium can be found foods like dairy products, non- fat milk, cheese, greens, cereals, and bread. Similarly, vitamin D can be received from sunlight, foods, and supplements. Vitamin D can be found in foods like fatty fish, salmon, soy milk, and tuna. Both vitamin D and calcium are necessary for a healthy body (Wang, Wende, Campbell, Nie Balcom, 2017). The body needs sufficient Vitamin D for the absorption of calcium. Both calcium and vitamin D are vital for strong bones. A deficiency of vitamin D and calcium in the body can lead to health complications like rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults. If these conditions are left untreated, they can lead to brittle bones, soft bones, muscle and bone pain, and general body weakness. In addition, deficiency of vitamin D and calcium can lead to osteoporosis, which is associated with a reduction in the bone density which will lead to a risk of bone fractures and falls (Dawson, Harris, Krall Dallal, 2017) References Burmeister, M. A., Ayala, J. E., Smouse, H., Landivar-Rocha, A., D. J., ... Ayala, J. E. (2017). The Hypothalamic Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Is Sufficient but Not Necessary for the Regulation of Energy Balance and Glucose Homeostasis in Mice.Diabetes,66(2), 372-384. Dawson-Hughes, B., Harris, S. S., Krall, E. A., Dallal, G. E. (2017). Effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on bone density in men and women 65 years of age or older.New England Journal of Medicine,337(10), 670-676. Mulvihill, E. E., Varin, E. M., Gladanac, B., J. R., Baggio, L. L., ... Bang, K. A. (2017). Cellular Sites and Mechanisms Linking Reduction of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Activity to Control of Incretin Hormone Action and Glucose Homeostasis.Cell Metabolism,25(1), 152-165. Soares, M. J., Pannu, P. K., Calton, E. K., Reid, C. M., Hills, A. P. (2017). Vitamin D status and calcium intake in systemic inflammation, insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome: An update on current evidence.Trends in Food Science Technology. Stechemesser, L., Eder, Feldman, A., Strasser, M., ... Zandanell, S. (2017). Metabolomic profiling identifies potential pathways involved in the interaction of iron homeostasis with glucose metabolism.Molecular Metabolism,6(1), 38-47. Wang, Y., Wactawski-Wende, J., Sucheston-Campbell K. M., Nie, J., ... Ochs-Balcom, H. M. (2017). The influence of genetic susceptibility and calcium plus vitamin D supplementation on fracture risk.The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,105(4), 970-979.

Blazing the Trail, Avoiding the Pitfalls A Long Way Gone

Lab Book Organic Chemisty Essays

Lab Book Organic Chemisty Essays Lab Book Organic Chemisty Essay Lab Book Organic Chemisty Essay By looking at the melting points for B E and comparing them to the literature ales, it is possible to narrow the structure of both unknown compounds down from the suggest compounds in the results section (1-(3-nutritional)ethanol) or 1-(4- nutritional)ethanol) for compound B and (1-(3-anopheles)ethanol or 1-(4- anopheles)ethanol) for compound E. Mean Melting Point co 107. 0 From comparison of the two data tables it can seen that Compound E has the same melting point as compound 6, which is 1-(4-anopheles)ethanol. However for compound B the mean melting point is close to both Compound 1 and Compound 4 so IR spectra are needed to correctly determine the structure of B. By comparing the IR spectrum for Compound B it can see that it is 1- (interruption)ethanol, this is indicated by the peak at 763. CACM-1 when compared against literature values for IR Spectroscopy shows a C-H bend in the Roth position of the phenyl ring, which points to the position of ethanol being on the 4th carbon. Looking back at the yields it can be see that there has been an error in the drying process for Benzedrine resulting in a very high yield of 206%. However this is most likely to only affect the yield result, and not the chemical structure of the synthesis. Conclusion Judging by the results from the IR spectra, Melting point determination and chemical successfully synthesized. Unknown compound E was identified as compound 6, 1-(4-Anopheles) ethanol.

Total Quality Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Total Quality Management - Case Study Example In comparison to some of the other companies that have perfected the concept, Queensland Education Planning and Accountability Document still needs to make improvements (Queensland State Education, 2008). Any company, no matter the size or if the company is for profit or nonprofit can use basic strategic planning practices. Queensland Education Planning and Accountability Document needs to make continuous improvements by establishing well-defined goals and empowering teaching staff to reach these goals (Queensland Studies Authority, 2008). While total quality management is used in many manufacturing industries, it also can be used in education. When looking at how other districts use total quality management to enhance educating it students there are very few differences between Queensland Education Planning and Accountability Document and Queensland Education Planning and Accountability Document (Catholic Education Commission, 2009). According to J. Manley and R. Manley (2006), â€Å"the New Farm State School District in Queensland, began its quest for total Quality Management (strategic planning) by formally defining the educational philosophy of continuous improvement and quality† (Manley and Manley, 2006) With this beginning, New Farm State School changed total quality management into total quality education. Queensland school system is committed to creating a team environment for students as well as staff. The school believes strongly in creating team-based brainstorming and empowering teachers to make decisions regarding his or her students. New Farm State School District is committed to team-based strategies as well (Johnson, 2006). Both organizations want to provide quality education to their customers, the students. New Farm State School has created pro-active strategies while Queensland Education Planning and Accountability Document take a reactive approach to

Discussion 8 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Discussion 8 - Assignment Example This can be considered as one of the major strength due to the fact that he is capable of tackling every possible situation and as a result, keep the workforce motivated. Moreover, at times he also becomes equally participative towards the job roles assigned to the employees so as to help them achieve their targets in a quick and effective manner. Due to his participative nature, he attains a lot of coordination and support from the employee group (Dow Jones & Company Inc., 2014). Contextually, it can be stated that the transformational quality proves to be a major strength for him as being a leader whereas the participative and transactional quality proves to be major strength for him as being a manager. One of the major weaknesses identified is his hyper aggressiveness in case of stress related situations. In term of differentiation between leadership and management skills, it can only be stated that the leader is a visionary who strategizes measures for the improvement within performance and overall development of the employees. On the contrary, a manger regulates the flow of work within every team and ensures that the assigned deadlines gets meet up before time (Dow Jones & Company Inc., 2014). During my professional career, I was made to work under this leader for a period of one year. During this time, the team led by him attained the highest level of performance over other teams within the organization. His immense knowledge and participative nature facilitated the team members in effectively understanding the assigned job roles and complete the task in an effective manner (HubPages Inc., 2014). The management and risk handling capabilities of the leader taught me two crucial lessons, which I believe will turn out to be a major help when I will get the role of being a team leader. The first lesson is regarding coming up with some innovative plans for getting work done and second regarding motivating the employees

Graffiti Identification Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Graffiti Identification - Essay Example Graffiti have been an issue of concern to the members of different communities because of their impacts. There are positive impacts but the negative impacts have been found to override the positive impacts. Graffiti can be traced back to Ancient Greece and the Roman Empire. Today, most of those who do graffiti do it on the subways and walls of big cities and vehicles among other areas. Most of the sharp instruments like pencils, marker pens and even knives serve as mediums of creating graffiti. Many people have had the mentality that areas with graffiti are unsafe. According to Morgan and Louis (2009), the term graffiti refers to informal marks, scratching, carvings, drawings or even paintings made on people’s property without their authorization. Graffiti is of different kinds and each kind has its particular characteristics. For example, Hip hop graffiti has a characteristic of mural paintings and ‘tagging’. Graffiti has often been criticized as causing negating impacts to the community, and it is very difficult to convince some of the people otherwise. However, what should be understood is that there are positively motivated graffiti. The following are some of the positive impacts of graffiti: 1. Promotes young talent: Most of the time, graffiti have been seen as causing a lot of damage to the community. However, it is one way of promoting the talents of young people. Graffiti has been seen as inspiring to young artists since they get the opportunity to show case their creative sides. For example, South Ayrshire’s community safety partnership has helped young people from the town of Wallacetoun on a graffiti project (South Ayrshire Council, 2013). 2. Conveying a message: Some kinds of graffiti have been used to convey messages, especially to the authorities when people are not happy with their administration. Graffiti is used as a peaceful way of demonstrating. It has been seen to provide people with a platform to participate in pu blic conversation or debate (Morgan & Louis, 2009). They can also be used to communicate messages of road safety and show the commitment of people involved in the art. 3. Improvement of abandoned buildings in the community: Unused buildings and underpasses tend to improve when graffiti are drawn on them. This is achieved when good quality and non-offensive graffiti is used to brighten areas that have not undergone renovation for a long time, thus improving the environment around them (Campbell, 2008). Negative Impacts The following are the negative impacts that have resulted from graffiti: 1. It is expensive: It has proven very difficult to estimate the cost of graffiti in general; however, there are different ways that show that graffiti is expensive to the community. The cost that comes in with cleaning graffiti from the walls is very high (Morgan & Louis, 2009). Thus the community might spend a lot of money that would have been channeled to better projects, in

Comparison of Different Therapies

Comparison of Different Therapies Diana Scammell Biodynamic: Craniosacral Therapy Definition: Craniosacral therapy is a holistic healing that corrects the communication between the brain and the body by restoring flow of cerebrospinal fluid. The therapy often lowers the brain wave activity to a delta state to promote deep healing. This may bring the client into an altered unconscious/subconscious state. These sessions are intended for those seeking to establish clear and conscious connections between the body mind. Personal experience: The session started with a brief interview. I then closed my eyes and began to feel a shift of what I assumed to be my energy field to the left of my body. I did not feel her touching me except when she touched my sacral area. I soon began to have visions of letting everything go and before I knew it I did. At the end of the session Diana gently touched my shoulders. I felt relaxed and had a great sense of peace. Referral: I found the technique effective in bringing me to an altered state of consciousness. I would recommend both Diana and Craniosacral work to anyone who is seeking the possibility of just letting go. Reflexology Definition: Reflexology is the application of pressure to specific areas on the feet, hands and ears. Manipulating the areas promote healing of the various organs of the body and reduces stress. The National Cancer Institute and the National Institutes of Health funded studies that seem to indicate that reflexology could reduce pain and psychological symptoms, such as anxiety and depression, and aid in relaxation and sleep. Personal experience: The session started with a brief interview. Both of my lower extremities where propped up on two pillows. She began to rub my feet one at a time. It was very relaxing. During the treatment I began to experience current like releases from my feet all the way to my scalp making the hair in my scalp stand up. At the end of the session Diana held the top of my ankles gently and told me we were done. Referral: I had a great sense of relaxation throughout this treatment. I do believe that this technique alleviates stress. I would recommend this technique and this practitioner to anyone who has a need to relax. Acupuncture Definition: Acupuncture is a traditional Chinese medicine practice that can be traced back at least 2500 years. Acupuncture is a technique for balancing the flow of energy or life forces refer as Chi. This energy flow is essential to our health. Disruption to this flow of energy is to believe to be responsible for disease. By inserting thin needles into specific points along meridians, acupuncture practitioners believe that your energy flow will re-balance. Acupuncture is most commonly used to treat pain. Personal experience: The session started with a brief interview and examination of my posture. I then laid face down on the table. He placed very thin needles in my feet, back and neck. I found some to be painful. A heating lamp was placed over me. After 15-20 minutes the needles were removed. He believed my pain was due to a lack of upper back strength. He recommended exercises and stretches for my upper back and neck muscles. Referral: Acupuncture did relief my back and neck pain for several weeks. I do recommend acupuncture and Dr. Park to anyone having chronic or acute pain. Medical Intuitive and Medium Definition: Intuitive readings are different for everyone. Depending on the person conducting the reading, the focus can be on anything from releasing blocked energy and past trauma, tapping into past lives, working through a current hardship, or helping a client to activate their highest potential and life work. Personal experience: I entered a living room like area in Sherrie’s house. Sherrie began with a prayer and then proceeded to talk to me about my family and work. Several times during the reading she channeled my mother in-law and my father in law whom I had never met but wished to give me a message. She spoke at great length to me about my husband, his job and our future, my two daughters their lives their futures and some about who they were in their past lives. My father and Grandfather also came in to give me insight about past experiences. Referral: I would recommend this type of readings to anyone who is on a soul search and exploration. I would recommend Sherrie. I found her to be genuine. Massage Therapy- Deep Tissue Definition: Deep tissue massage is a type of massage therapy that focuses on realigning deeper layers of muscles and connective tissue. It is especially helpful for chronic aches and pains and contracted areas. The movement is slower and the pressure is deeper concentrated on areas of tension and pain in order to reach the sub-layer of muscles and the fascia. Deep tissue massage works by physically breaking down adhesions to relieve pain and restore normal movement. To do this, the massage therapist uses massage oil. Personal experience: I filled out a comprehensive questionnaire. The massage therapist went over the questionnaire and a plan for the session was formulated. She started with me laying face down. She began to massage my back, upper extremities, lower extremities and then asked me to turn over. There were times during the massage that it was very painful as she tried to soften rigid tissue especially on my back. Referral: This technique was very helpful for my upper back and neck pain. I would recommend Heather and this modality to anyone experiencing chronic muscle tension. Massage Therapy- Swedish Massage Definition: Swedish massage combines various hands-on techniques including gliding, kneading, and cross-fiber friction to break up muscle knots, called adhesions. Swedish massage is based on the Western concepts of anatomy and physiology as opposed to energy work. It can be slow and gentle, or vigorous and bracing, depending on what the therapist wants to achieve. Swedish massage is performed by a trained and licensed massage therapist who lubricates the skin with massage oil. Personal experience: I was asked to fill out a comprehensive questionnaire. The massage therapist went over the questionnaire with me and a plan for the session was formulated. I lay on the table face down. She began to massage my body starting at my back, upper extremities, lower extremities and then asked me to turn over. She used a light soothing touch throughout my body. She suggested that I drink plenty of water for the rest of the day. Referral: I enjoyed this type of massage, it was very relaxing. I found no connection with therapist and would not necessary refer anyone to her. Shamanic Healing Definition: A shamanic practitioner is trained to recognize that all illnesses have a spiritual component and that everything is connected–the spiritual, emotional, physical and mental. If one of these systems is out of balance the disharmony can be felt within the entire energetic field. Practitioners and their training vary greatly. In a shamanic healing the practitioner will may use tools to assist in moving the unwanted or blocked energy. Depending on the tradition, feathers, mesas, and/or sacred songs, may be use. Personal experience: I was greeted by Steve at his home. He asked me several questions about my home life, family and work. He then explained Shamanic healing. He proceeded to chant, he used some drumming and a feather that he waved around my body. In conclusion he told me that I do not need to feel like I need to take care of others. I need to allow people to experience their soul journey and lessons without stepping in for the rescue. Referral: I am not sure that I would recommend this experience or if it was the practitioner whom I did not find genuine. Hypnotherapy Definition: Hypnotherapy is a form of psychotherapy use to create subconscious change in a patient in the form of new responses, thoughts, attitudes, behaviors or feelings. This is done by placing the patient in the Hypnotic state. A person who is hypnotized displays certain unusual characteristics and propensities, compared with a non-hypnotized patients, most notably heightened suggestibility and responsiveness. Personal experience: Referral: I would recommend Hypnotherapy and Andrew Spiritual Healing Definition: Meeting John of God (Joà £o Teixeira de Faria) is a special opportunity to experience physical, emotional, or spiritual healing with one of the world’s most revered spiritual healers and mediums from Brazil, where John of God has seen millions of visitors from around the world. John of God and team of healers’ leads people into a guided meditation, prayer, testimonials, and times of silence that opens them up to the healing John of God offers. Omega’s campus becomes an oasis of peace and contemplation where we can experience the power of faith within a loving community and discover how it can transform our life. John of God sees individuals briefly, and suggests their next healing step. Some say they have been cured of disease; others say that while a physical cure was not achieved, a spiritual or emotional healing was. Most say that their time spent in his presence was a profound and transformative experience. The entities and John of God are treating the whole person; therefore relationships between families and loved ones can also be repaired and restored. The glue that binds humanity is Love and John of God and the entities are most concerned that you are whole and a reflection of this love in the world, physically, mentally, emotionally and spiritually. He and the entities, through a constant and thorough cleaning of your energy field, and your own efforts, are able to elevate you in a phenomenal way to become who you truly are, radiant and a reflection of the divine on earth. Personal experience: Referral: I would recommend this experience with this healer to anyone who is seeking Physical, emotional or spiritual healing. Reiki Definition: Reiki is a Japanese technique for stress reduction and relaxation. Reiki is an ancient laying-on of hands healing technique that uses energy to heal, balancing the subtle energies within our bodies. Reiki addresses physical, emotional, mental and spiritual imbalances. The Reiki practitioner serves as a vessel for healing energy to go where it is most needed. The energy flows out of the practitioners hands while they are touching the patient’s body. Personal experience: I was greeted by Janna at her house. I lay on her massage table face up. As I closed my eyes I began to feel her hands on my head. She then worked her way down my body. I felt great heat coming from her hands. Somewhere in between my head and feet I became very relaxed and fell asleep. I felt like Janna’s hands where everywhere on my body at the same time. I felt very relaxed and at peace. Referral: I would recommend this modality to anyone. I found this modality to be very similar to Healing touch. I would recommend Janna to anyone in need of peace and relaxation.

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome: AIDS :: AIDS disease

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) is a blood born disease that was first recognized in America in the early 1980’s, around the time Rock Hudson passed away. It is believed that it was first passed thru to humans by monkey’s in Africa. â€Å"The battle between humans and disease was nowhere more bitterly fought than here in the fetid equatorial climate, where heat and humidity fuel the generation of new life forms. One historian has suggested that humans, who first evolved in Africa eons ago migrated north to Asia and Europe simple to get to climates that were less hospitable to the deadly microbes the tropics so efficiently spread.† (Shilts, 5)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"HIV may already infect one to two million Americans and spreads to forty thousand more people each year.† (Klitzman, 7) This disease wreaks havoc in places like Africa, Europe, South America, Asia, and the United States, as well as countless other places around the world. â€Å"With Modern roads and jet travel, no corner of the earth was very remote anymore; never again could diseases linger undetected for centuries among a distant people without finding some route to fan out across the planet.† (Shilts, 5)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  AIDS is mainly a sexually transmitted disease, statistically attributed to the homosexual community, that is transferred by people who are unaware they are infected. It can also be transferred between people through tainted blood transfusions as well as the sharing of infected needles among users. AIDS is a devastating and debilitating disease that may not show up for a period of ten years or longer after the original contact. By this time it might be too late to do anything about it , although, there are various cocktails of drugs that could control the disease and extend life for a considerable length of time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Western society has been able to arrest the spread of AIDS with sexual education and early testing but where the disease first started, in Africa, almost one third of the population is now afflicted with the disease. In order to combat this problem in Africa, the governments of the western world have shown a concentrated effort by sending billions of dollars in aid to educate and treat people who are infected with this disease.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  AIDS has reached many people from all different cultures, ethnic backgrounds, and areas around the world. This is a scary fact considering many of those people could be unaware they are infected with HIV.

Holland Theory and Application Essay

John Holland made his mark from 1953-1556 while working at Vocational Counseling Service in Perry Point Veterans Hospital followed by his work as the Director of Research for the National Merit Scholarship Corporation. His work at these two organizations leads to the first edition of Vocational Preference Inventory. In 1959, John Holland was published in the Journal of Counseling Psychology for his vocational theory (Gottfredson & Johnstun, 2009). He established his theory of matching people to vocations in the world of work. Although the trait and factor approach was established in 1909, John Holland took it a step further using the Army as his model (Bolles & Figler, 1999). John Holland was quoted, â€Å"I am a psychologist who pays attention to the obvious† (Bolles & Figler, 1999, p. 63). This was the theme of his theory. Holland theory is about the fit of the individual to the work environment. Some clients will be better suited for certain working environments and poorly matched to others (Anderson & Vandehey, 2012). The Holland theory is based on identification of people environment, skills, and values leading into six occupational categories known as ‘RIASEC’ (realistic, investigative, artistic, social, enterprising, and conventional) (Bolles & Figler, 1999). Although each category is consider a unaltered type of personality most clients will not fit into just one type. Holland’s theory assigns them a set of two or three of the types (Anderson & Vandehey, 2012). The first of Holland’s types, realistic, are clients who have athletic or mechanical ability, work with objects, machines, tools, plants, animals and the outdoors. Realistic client will be competent in reading blue prints, repair of furniture, making mechanical types of drawings, using special instruments such as a voltmeter, and will also have good math and mechanical backgrounds. They will also have interests in woodwork, metal work, and easily work with tools. Some realistic occupations would include radio operator, civil engineer, machinist, or piano tuner (Bolles & Figler, 1999). The next type, investigative, will be clients who like to observe, learn, analyze, investigative, solve problems or evaluate in general. Their proficiencies include scientific and technical training using a slide rule or microscope, using a logarithmic table, describes white blood cells by their uses, interpret chemical formulas, and understand the workings of a vacuum tube. These clients readily enjoy scientific books, lab work, chemistry, math puzzles, and normally take several classes in physics, math, and biology. Investigative job opportunities could be physician, math teacher, lab technician, or oceanographer (Bolles & Figler, 1999). The artistic clients, Holland’s third type, are innovating or intuitive thinkers, like to work in unrestrictive environments, and tend to be extremely creative or imaginative. Skills for creative people would contain playing a musical instrument, choir, designing, creating photography or art, or read/write poetry. Artistic types, according to Holland, would enjoy sketching, attending plays, taking an art class, or reading popular fiction. Occupations for these clients can be drama coach, advertising executive, photographer, or foreign language interpreter (Bolles & Figler, 1999). Holland’s fourth types of clients, social, like to work with people by informing, helping, training, or are skilled with words. These clients will feel competent with peers older than them, easily plan a school or church function, and are good judge of others personalities. They will belong to clubs, write letters, attend sports events, go to parties, help others with personal problems, and like to meet new people. Director of social services, employment representative, counselor, recreation administrator, and Foreign Service officer are a few of the occupations well suited for a social Holland code (Bolles & Figler, 1999). Enterprising, Holland’s fifth code, are comprised of clients that a people-influencing, leaders, persuaders, or economic goal friendly. They easily sell, influence others, give pep talks, meet important people, and discuss politics. In college or high school these clients were elected to office, organized clubs, debated, supervised the work of others, or acted as a spokesperson for a cause. They become bankers, personnel recruiters, labor arbitrators, insurance managers, and small business owners (Bolles & Figler, 1999). The conventional is the last of Holland’s types. Conventional types like to work with data and carrying out in detailed instructions. They have the ability to file correspondence, work in office setting, type 40 words per minute, use shorthand, post credits and debits, and keep accurate records. They may have done bookkeeping, operated business machines, written business letters, or maintain neat records and files. Conventational types are often employed as accountants, credit managers, payroll clerks, bookkeepers, library assistants or personnel secretary (Bolles & Figler, 1999). Holland realized that not every client would fit into a type nice and neatly hence the Holland two or three codes are established in order to have a person in a job that would give work satisfaction. They are several resources available to clients and counselors to aid in discovering a client’s RIASEC code. The Self-Directed Search (SDS) was first published in 1970 and was development by John Holland. The advantage of this assessment is that it is intended for the college or adult setting. The written version not only includes the assessment but also Holland’s Occupation Finder (OF) booklet for a counselor to use with their clients. Holland also created a seven page booklet, You and Your Career, that can be used to enhance the SDS and OF with suggestions for effective career planning (Reardon & Lumsden, 2002). Later, Holland, with Amy Powell, created SDS Career Explorer designed for middle school students along with his booklet Exploring Your Future with the SDS. Along with the assessment are several tools for educators and students alike. Holland, along with several other colleagues, has expanded the abilities of instruments to include measures for stability, environment, and additional resource to ensure understanding of the instruments and proper use and application (Reardon & Lumsden, 2002). In my world of career counseling, I apply Holland’s theory of putting the right client into the best fit for client. I agree with his theory that if a client is not using the skills or interests that they enjoy that will have poor performance. This ultimately in my opinion leads to job hopping, lack of self-efficacy, and depression. I have the advantage of money on my side and we use the program Discover for most assessments. However, I do not always jump to test. By having knowledge of Holland theory and his types and code match through counselor I am able to get a client to find their career goals on their own without test. With my â€Å"type† of client they do not want to sit through testing no matter how short it is, they already have to study for their current jobs, college classes, and advancement exams. I try to incorporate Holland’s theory daily which can have its drawbacks. They occupation that my client would be good at may not have openings or worse the Navy does not have it, so I try help them compromise with community service or college course that would satisfy their needs. Over the last ten years, I have learned that I am not the answer person more like their vessel to maintenance phase of their transition cycles (Anderson & Vandehey, 2002). I could not trade in the feeling of when I see them finally figure out what they want to do when the grow up.

Basic Elements of a Data Warehouse essay

Basic Elements of a Data Warehouse essay Basic Elements of a Data Warehouse essay Basic Elements of a Data Warehouse essayDate warehouses are defined as subject-oriented, integrated, time-variant collection of data in support of management decisions. Their architecture is based on relational database management system server functioning as central repository for information data. The central information repository is surrounded by different components designed to make the environment functional, accessible and manageable for both the operational systems and the end user query.Unlike database that is merely a collection of related data and database system, a data warehouse is a collection of large amounts of data from multiple sources and a supporting system optimized for access and designed to support efficient extraction, processing and presentation of data for different purposes. Thus, warehouses are able to store and manage large volumes of data for complex analysis. There are several key components of data warehousing. The first component is operational source systems that hold the transactional data and have little control over the format and content of the data and maintain little historical data. Another component is data staging area that stores data and encompasses a set of process between the operational source systems and the data presentation area. The process is generally called extract-transformation-load, the first step of which is extraction. It presupposes reading and understanding the source data and copying it into the staging area for further transformation. After cleansing the data and doing other relevant manipulations the quality assured data is loaded in a data warehouse. Another essential component of a data warehouse is data presentation area that is a set of integrated data marts. The data is selected according to the business needs, it is atomic, detailed and logically organized as well as finally made available for direct querying. Data marts are sets of summarized and aggregated data that take less time and are cheaper. One more component of a data warehouse is data access tools. All data access tools query the data in the data presentation area and are the software like Cognos 10 and Roambi. Depending on the purpose they can be either elementary or sophisticated. Tools may fall into the following categories: query and reporting tools, online analytical processing tools, application development tools and data mining tools. Every data warehouse has meta data that is used for its maintaining and managing, it helps users to understand content, find data and can be classified into technical meta data and business meta data. The former contains data about warehouse for designers and administrators, while the latter gives users easy access to information. In business data warehousing is used to support management decision making and provide efficient storage, functionality and responsiveness. Moreover, data warehouses are indispensible when an enterprise has to facilitate complex and frequent ad hoc queries, it provides effective query support, gives historical information for analysis, supplements disaster recovery plans etc.Data warehouses merge data from different sources into one database and analyze development over time, they perform integration of disparate data sources. Managers and executives no longer have to make decisions based on limited data. Warehousing offers considerable flexibility in operational systems and simplify the processes of data reporting and analysis. Thus, it improves the efficiency of decision-making. Presently warehousing is still expensive and only successful corporations implement it, however, if data warehouses are designed properly and function adequately, they give a company numerous benefits, generate higher amounts of revenue, provide considerable cost and time savings etc.

The Dividing Line essays

The Dividing Line essays Two Korean soldiers one from Sariwan, North Korea, and one from Chongju, South Korea stare intensely at one another, watching each and every move. They are in the DMZ, a 4 km wide band stretching across 250 km of deserted land, known as the demilitarized zone between the two Koreas. They each represent their part of Korea. The soldiers are in this uptight position because of the Korean War, which never officially ended with a peace treaty. As they watch one another, it is as if they are looking at a mirror image of themselves. Even though they are identical on the outside, they are far from similar on the inside. North Korea and South Korea, like the two soldiers, share some similar characteristics. First, they both have an extremely high literacy rate; North Korea has 95% and South Korea has 97% literate citizens. Education is free for students ages 5-16, and many take advantage of this academic offering. Second, what better food is there to be found in Korea than the fish than the fish that surround the peninsula. The North and the South have major commercial fishing businesses. In fact, did you know South Korea ranks third in the world's fishing industry? Another common food between the North and South is rice. It's the chief crop of the north and a wet- season crop in the south. Third, Korea has a homogenous society, which means the citizens in the North and South have a common ethnic background. Lastly, both sides share the Korean language. Approximately 110 million people living on the Korean peninsula speak this language, which originated in Neolithic times. Although you can see t hese few similarities, it is difficult to find many common links between the two parts of Korea. On the other hand, the differences are far more apparent. The first big difference between North and South Korea is their government. While North Korea is a hard- line Communist nation, the South is a democracy. The political power in the Nor...

Business Strategy in Tesco Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Business Strategy in Tesco - Essay Example Vision depicts what the company wants to be i.e. what it ultimately wants to achieve and it gives the direct to the firm. Whereas the mission of the firm is the business where the company wants to operate and the customer base the firm will serve. These are the foundation stone of the company according to which the company implement its different strategies.Core competence is the competitive advantages that a company posses to differentiate itself from the competitors which gives them an extra edge to be the market leader (Hitt, Ireland, Hoskisson, 2009, p. 18).The core value of Tesco is to take care of the customers. Earning lifetime loyalty of the customer and to create value for the customer is their only value (Nwagbara, 2011, p.62). The company believes that no one in the industry tries as harder as they do to reach to the customers (Polytechnic Institute of New York University, 2011, p. 1). Being responsible to the community and the society in which they operate they always try to maintain good neighbourhood and always try to be a responsible member in the society. The brand image for its great quality products with diversified product line is the core competencies for the firm.b) Stakeholder AnalysisThe sustainable growth and well governed business policies of Tesco gives the belief to the investors to get a competitive return of their investments and their shareholdings. The main reason behind gaining the trust of the shareholders is due to the transparency in the company operation. and they expect the implementation of robust strategies by the company in every business processes for the long term growth of the organization along with the shareholders. Blackrock Inc with its 5.48 % share of the issued share capital, Legal & General Investment Management Limited with 3.99 % and Berkshire Hathaway with about 3.02 % of the total share is the major share holders of Tesco (Tesco Annual Report and Financial Statements 2011, 2011, p. 58). By maintaining qualit y service and increased customer value the company build its band value and continues its rapid growth in the market by benefiting the stakeholders of the

Source evaluation Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Source evaluation - Annotated Bibliography Example For instance, the institutions of learning in the United States are also known to provide some very generous scholarships to deserving individuals from poor countries; consequently, they receive many applications every year since individuals recognize that they might be given an opportunity to make their lives better. Even though, many have been associated with the urge of studying abroad, there are some cases approving that studying abroad is definitely a wrong option. In essence, answering this research question will help in discerning the associated negative impacts. Studying abroad can offer a lot of benefits to the students and the development of the society, but on the other side, it also have some drawbacks and disadvantages , over all studying abroad turned out to a good investment, but at the mean time people should realized that the profit exists paralleling risk. While looking up for relevant sources to back up the research, there are many credible articles that talk about the research question. This makes the completion of the project tedious since there is need to carry out evaluation of each source before picking up the most suitable for the study. Schemo discusses the gifts that are likely to befall students going abroad. Essentially, this source will help in answering the research question about why many students are attracted to the notion of travelling abroad for their studies. Schemo asserts that one of the benefits that students acquire from studying abroad is that they get a chance to pursue their education in an environment that is not limited by either geography or economic circumstances because they are able to work within an environment that is completely new and full of opportunities. Moreover, studying abroad makes it possible for students to develop the necessary skills at an international level that allows them

Operating System Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Operating System - Assignment Example Thirdly, it ensures that there is as little as possible the amount of damage that errant programs are likely to cause. Therefore, the protection mechanisms are either tools or procedures for the enforcement of the security policies while protection policies encompass what is allowed and those that are prohibited, while using a computer system (Whitman & Mattord, 2009). An access matrix is a protection security model which contains columns representing varied system resources; and the rows representing varied protection domains. Implementation is executed with reference to: domain, objects and rights entries. The model uses a lock-key mechanism where each resource is linked to a unique lock (bit patterns). Each domain has a specific bit pattern known as a key. Access is only granted if a domain key fits a resource lock. Moreover, modification of its own keys is not allowed. Every column of the table is kept as an access right for the specific object in order to discard blank entries. Every row is maintained as a list of a domains capability (Whitman & Mattord, 2009). The capabilities lists cannot be directly accessed by any user or by the domain because they are protected using a tag and an address space which can further be segmented. Based on Whitman & Mattord (2009) a computer virus is a program-code that attaches itself to an application so as operate concurrently while the application is running. A worm is a program that replicates itself in order to consume the host’s genetic code and mechanism. A virus attaches itself to a particular file or an opened program while a worm exploits the weakness an operating system or an application in order to duplicate itself. A virus relies on user(s) so as to spread the infected programs or files to other computer devices while a worm uses networks to duplicate itself to other computer devices without the help of user interventions. A virus can modify, delete or change the

Short story Essay Example for Free

Short story Essay This short story was written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle in 1891, in the Victorian period. The two main characters of this story are Sherlock Holmes, a private detective who can solve any case however difficult it is and Dr. Watson, a medical surgeon who served in the 5th regiment of Northumberland Fusiliers and moved to the Second Anglo-Afghan War where he was wounded and after that, sent back to London, now helps Sherlock Holmes to solve their cases. These characters are very different; they have nothing in common, for example: while Sherlock is a great observer, Dr. Watson is terrible at this. 1. Main body of essay. 2.1 Sherlock Holmes. 2. 1. 1 Physical appearance. Sherlock is thin, tall, has a thin nose, deep eyes and long nervous hands 2. 1. 2 Psychological Character and behavior: Sherlock is observant, cold minded , precise, and has a balanced mind, he is also a great observer. 2. 2 Dr. Watson. 2. 2. 1 Physical appearance 2. 2. 2 Psychological Character and behavior Dr. Watson is all the opposite of Sherlock, he is an ordinary man, who lacking in Holmess insight but also he profoundly admires Holmes. The relationship between Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson. This short story was written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle in 1891, in the Victorian period. The two main characters of this story are Sherlock Holmes, a private detective who can solve any case however difficult it is and Dr. Watson, a medical surgeon who served in the 5th regiment of Northumberland Fusiliers and moved to the Second Anglo-Afghan War where he was wounded and after that, sent back to London, now helps Sherlock Holmes to solve their cases. These characters are very different; they have nothing in common, for example: while Sherlock is a great observer, Dr. Watson is terrible at this. Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson have been seen as the ultimate partners for as long as they have been in print. Watson ends up marrying Mary and establishing a firm medical practice. After this, he stays away from Holmes for a long time. One day he decided to go to his old house in Baker Street, then he saw Sherlock through the window and rang the bell, it was the first time that they met since the marriage. The moment was like they never been apart, Sherlock acted normally and impress Watson once again with his deductions. After a few minutes Watson decided to go but something strange happened, Sherlock said with a different words that he needs Watson; this are the words: Not a bit, Doctor. Stay where you are. I am lost without my Boswell. And this promises to be interesting. It would be a pity to miss it. Dr. Samuel Johnson was a famous English essayist and scholar, and James Boswell was his admirer and companion, just as Dr. Watson was Holmess admiring companion. Furthermore, Boswell kept a diary and wrote all about Dr. Johnson, just as Watson wrote about Holmess adventures. They need each other. Their relationship is far deeper than anything that meets the eye; they mean more to each other than just a business partner or friend. Some have seen their relationship as anything from that of best friends No matter what Watson and Holmes mean to each other, both men seem to follow certain trends throughout the story: Watson will always be inferior to Holmes. He is not a good observer, according to Sherlock, Watson sees but does not observe. Through conversation and description of each other, both men continue to follow this trend. Even though sometimes Watson strays to make a comment or two about Holmes and his laziness or what not, he always comes back to praise him again. He profoundly admires Holmes.

Main Characteristics of Human Resource Strategies

Main Characteristics of Human Resource Strategies To understand the main characteristics of human resource management strategies, there is need to define the meaning of human resource management and HR strategies and how they are linked to each other within business environ, irrespective that HR is our daily routine in the aspect of life, development, advancement and the way we choose to do things for achieving better result in all aspect of administration and social life activities What is Human Resource? Obviously HR its believed to be a phrase used to refer to how employees are managed by the organization or to the personnel department handling that particular role. Managerially, its the responsibility of human resource managers in every corporate business environment to conduct these activities in an effective, legal, fair and consistent manner. However, the pitch has moved from a customarily administrative task to a strategic one with the aim of recognizing the link between capable and occupied people and organizational achievement. In this context, the pitch draws upon concepts developed both in industrial/organizational psychology and system theory.Besides, Human resource have at least two interrelated interpretations but depending on the context which we shall be discussing as we progresses although this perception is however changing drastically as a function of new and ongoing research into more strategic approached. Human resource management can also be defined as a unique approach to employment management system which also seeks to achieve competitive advantage through strategic development of a highly committed and capable workforce using integrated array of cultural and structural personnel techniques (Storey 1995). Going by the word human resource managements objectives, it consists of the followings: It simply means to get the most out of the return on investment from the organizations human capital and also curtail financial risk. Administratively, its the responsibility of human resource managers in every corporate business environment to conduct these activities in an effective, legal, fair and consistent manner. Also considering that management is the process of getting things done effectively and efficiently with and through other people to achieve the objective of the firm and organization. The need to understand that human resource management is the organizational function that deals with issues related to people such as the employee motivation, hiring,ÂÂ  communication,ÂÂ  healthsafety, performance management, compensation, organizational development, administration, training and selection, wages and salary, pension management etc. What is HR Strategies? This simply means a way of putting policy in place in the right areas such as how to recruitment the best employees,ÂÂ  how to manage and retain the best employees,ÂÂ  how to terminate poor employees, also it does require thinking ahead, planning ways for a company to meet the needs of its employees and the employees meeting the needs of the company and achieving its goal and targets.ÂÂ  However,ÂÂ  its obvious that companies who work very hard in meeting the needs of their employees can develop a work environment favourable for productivity. HR strategy as defined by Shaun Tyson (1995) as the intentions of the corporation both precise and covert toward the management of its employees, expressed through philosophies, policies and practices, typically, strategic HRM bridges business strategy and HRM focuses on the integration of HR with the business and its environment. A HRM strategy sets out what the organization intends to do about its resources management policies and practices and how they should be integrated with the business strategies and each other. However, they are described by Dyer and Reeves (1995) as internally consistent bundles of human resources practices and according to Richardson and Thompson, (1999) A strategy whether it is an HR or any other kind of management strategy must have two key elements: There must be a strategic objective i.e.(What the strategy aims to achieve) There must be a strategic plan of action i.e. (The means through which such proposed objectives would be met) We must understand that fundamental types of HR strategies can be identified as follows: General strategies: This involves high-performance management, high commitment management and high involvement management. High-performance management strategy basically aims to make an impact on performance of the organisation in the following areas, productivity, growth and profits, levels of customer service, quality. However, it also looks at extensive and relevant training and management development activities, recruitment and selection procedures, incentive pay system and performance management process. These are called high-performance working system which we shall be explaining on how they help employees in problem solving and how it provides incentive to motivate workers to use their flexible effort. High commitment management as one of the major characteristics of HRM which lays prominence on the importance of enhancing mutual commitment. However, its been described by wood (1996) as a form of management which aims at eliciting a commitment so that behaviour is self regulated rather than been controlled by sanctions and pressures external to individual and relations within such an organisation is often based on trust. It is worthy to note that there are many similarities between high-performance and high-commitment. In fact, there is a common ground between practices according to Sung and Ashton (1995). High involvement management its a precise set of human resources practices that focuses on employee decision making, power, access to information, training and incentives. High involvement was used by Lawler (1986) to describe management system based on commitment and involvement as different to bureaucratic system based on control. The principle is that employees will increase their involvement with the company if they are given the opportunity to control and understands their work. However, it was claimed that high involvement works well because it acts as a synergy and has a multiple effect. This approach requires treating employees as partners in the business whose interest are highly respected and who have interest in matters that concern them, concerned with communication and involvement. The practices included in a high involvement system have sometimes expanded beyond this original concept and included high-performance practices InÂÂ  thisÂÂ  today modern world,ÂÂ  its believed that a great human resource strategy provides an undeniable and persuasive business folder for aligning populace andÂÂ  society with business strategy as well as it commands the awareness of management and builds the required obligation for required resources and support for execution. In business,ÂÂ  Strategies create or build a sensitive intelligence of value in business development, growth, size, strategic planning, and willingness to change for better productivity. In Human resource strategy, there is always a link that dovetails from the strategic management process which includes the followings, strategic analysis, strategy formulation, and strategy implementation. The main rationale for strategic HRM thinking is that by integrating HRM with the business strategy, rather than HR strategies being a separate set of priorities, employees will be managed more effectively, organizational performance will improve and therefore business success will follow, also Human resource in itself may not be effective but integrating corporate strategy and HR matters into an organization and people strategy may prove more successful. We can also look at other Features of HR Strategies as follows: Motivation Strategy This is a conscious decision to direct effort in an activity to achieve goal that will satisfy a predominate need. Also we could look at it as a way of motivating employee of any firm/organization to achieve better/quality productivity and achieving the goals and targets of the company in a business environ considering the fact that Its obvious that every organisation is operating in its own style of business to maximize profit and minimize risk occurrence but the question ahead of us is that how can a company motivate its employees in a working environment? Any company/organisation can motivate its staff by the followings: letter of commendation, giving prize, gifts, promotion, and review on increase in salary, required training etc. Implementation Strategy This is a strategy which any firm/organisation applies into their policy after and during meeting decision which helps the company to align their strategies from the corporate level to the shop floor workers to work in accordance with the aim of achieving the set target goal and employees also need to have access to the resources and equipment to do their work effectively. We can also look at other Characteristics of HR Strategy as follows: Performance management : As one of the characteristics of HR strategy that deals on managing performance which is the key responsibility of line managers and any area where a partnership between HR can be most effective and beneficial. However, HR can be of tremendous help to managers to understand how to define roles in the light of business drivers and how to identify the capabilities required to do the job. The key performance indicators for each role should be derive from the business drivers in making job role more responsive to the changing business environment. Job security Job design: In this context HR ensures that the right people are selected for roles which dovetail into helping the employees to see for themselves if they have the capabilities for new roles and HR can work with the line in developing self-assessment. It is obvious that job responsibilities fall between the gaps and most job descriptions are not current for more than a few months. In general, managers most often believe that what workers want most from their jobs are extrinsic rewards such as good wages security, promotions and good working condition but the employees, however, usually rank intrinsic rewards, such as challenging work, recognition for good work, participation in decisions that affects them and sympathetic understanding of personal problems higher than job security and good wages. When they do not get these desire provisions from the organisation they tend to go somewhere else to work. Designing effective appraisal development process : Appraisal requires excellent interview and counselling skills if the process is to be motivating for those involved and it relies on managers and employees having a relationship in which discussing performance is not seen as a burden or a threat, however in many cases, managers do not make the time to appraise peoples performance well. In many organisations the link between personal development and the business strategy is atimes weak but with appraisal being used as an annual administrative chore, which means that employees fail to take personal development seriously but HR can help by designing process which are simple to use and user-friendly. Appraising employee is a significant factor that identifies the loose end of an employee to re-adjust its stand. Selection Recruitment: A strategic approach to recruitment and selection needs to incorporate a wider set of policies, such as reward, development and job design which reflects an understanding of employee motivation and closely linked to trends in the changing labour market. Recruitment is a part of an overall career management strategy which is driven by the business strategy, getting the right staff for a specific job and retention. Remuneration : This is the comparing termsconditions of employment and salary scales including the structure of share options and to whom they are available, severance terms in contract ,incentive and bonus schemes in terms of immediate and future commitments. Strategic management skills especially understanding how to add value to both employees productivity and the new business. Change Organizational structure: Being able to manage change means taking a proactive measure rather than reactive role in bringing about change which involves being able to understand how the organization works as a system, identifying where the changes needs to occur to enable the organisation to achieve its goals and requires being willing to assess how well the HR team is equipped to manage and being prepared to improve the teams capability as appropriate. Trainingdevelopment: Every company/firm needs training and development for their employees for better improvement both in procedures that is cost effective. Training helps in organizational development, increasing returns on investment, improving the market share and increasing the levels of product innovation. However, it helps in both awareness raising and skills development of the member of staff. Also certain drivers of training are already starting to transform the employment landscape, by making the employees to be offered roles which makes the best use of their Talent and uplifting the employees to the right job. Training and development has done a great impact in organization by employee adding value through their positive effect on customers, who will in turn purchase more and produce a positive impact on the bottom line and improve share holder funds. ASSIGNMENT NAME : PATRICK N. MADUGBA IDENTITY: ST2001-09 COURSE: PGD-BA SUBJECT: HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT TOPIC: WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF TRAINING TO STAFF AND ORGANIZTIONS? LECTURER: BENJAMIN A. ADEBOWALE DATE: 1ST MARCH, 2010 Its quite obvious that training and development exercise is necessary in every organization, firm/company. However, before we look into the benefits of training to staff and organization, there is need to understand the meaning of training. Training: Its often said that training is an expensive unwarranted exercise but training is seen as something that is work related on job training, off job training or employment training schemes and also to assess organizational, departmental, divisional group, occupational and individual performance. We shall be addressing the benefits of training from the following point of view as we progresses. JOB ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION: In this context training helps the effectiveness of the job in terms of the present and immediate future, the potential usefulness, specific changes envisage in terms of priorities and technology. It also identifies the gap in staff organization to be filled. GOOD COMMUNICATIONS: Training aligns itself with the help of effective formal and informal communications and the extent and nature of correcting misunderstandings. It also helps both in staff and in organisational and operational confidentiality. ENHANCES JOB FLEXIBILITY: Especially at formal performance appraisal times and intervals which requires the ability, willingness and flexibility to accommodate issues raised in both approaches. FULFILLING REQUIREMENTS/STANDARDS FOR REGULATORS: Identifying those areas required and usually to consider the absolute standards required in skills, knowledge, attitudes, behaviour, expertise, and performance in both staff and organization. INTRODUCTION OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES: Basically when there is an introduction of new tech in the company it is important to trainretrain staff/organization to be more versatile and get used to how to make use and work with the new product in an effective and efficient way. RESPONSIVENES AND FLEXIBILITY: This refers to the ability to deal with; shortfalls in the usage, potential, capacity of organizational culture, and weakness, unity and clarity of purpose. FOR GROOMING NEW LEADERS: Training development of staff has really shown a great impact in a way of grooming future leaders for better task and product business technology responsibility. IT ENHANCES PRODUCTIVITY: When and after been train there is possibility of increase in productivity which dovetails into size and market growth, share holders funds. NEW EMPLOYEE INDUCTION TRAINING: Basically this is getting to know the staff, setting basic standards; indicating required attitudes, values and behaviour; ways of working; meeting colleagues; job description, goals and target. Meeting key staff with whom they interact; how to interact with key suppliers; customers and clients and general organizational environmental familiarisation which has been of great importance/benefit to both staff and organization. ENHANCING STAFF WORTH: Ensuring that staffs are aware of legislation; their rights and duties; instilling universal standards of attitude, value and behaviour; intolerance of discrimination; bullying; victimization and harassment on race. HRM PROCEDURES AND PRACTICES: Basically explaining staff management requirements and expectations, for instance; disciplinary, grievance, dismissal and redundancy procedures, training opportunities, other things to do with contracts of employment and terms and conditions to both organizations. PROMOTES STAFF EFFICIENCYEFFECTIVENESS: Ensuring that the staffs are trained in monitoring, reviewing and evaluating the effects of what is done and constantly and actively seeking ways of building on success and strengths by addressing the weakness and gap identification for better productive results. PROMOTES INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP: This teaches the staff and organization series of tasks and activities required of them in their daily work and in their perspective and environment. However, it draws a direct relationship between what has been learned elsewhere and how it is now to be applied as required. Training also enhances level of interest and therefore commitment to the work and organization. It is also appropriate in some cases in job rotation, enrichment, enlargement and enhancement programmes where staffs are moved from one job to another on a regular and formal basis. Continuous Training prevents staff from becoming stale or bored in one job and enhances their employability. It enhances collective and individual confidence, identity, commitments and loyalty and brings out potential in staff. Effective training and development enhances the staff knowledge and understanding of what is possible in certain circumstances and under particular constraints. It helps staff in designing, implementing and supporting the required management and supervisory style and increasing higher output per staff. Training and retraining, it provides the opportunity for staff in setting a moral or value possibly taking pride in the organization and its work on the part of all concerned. FOUNDATION FOR SUCCESS: Basically coping with the change and uncertainty in products, services, technology, organization and the environment being productive and successful. Training has been of immense benefit to both staff and organization, accuracy in prioritising those activities that contribute directly to organization profitability and effectiveness Training of staff on how to deliver and respond to the programmes as a whole and also participating in the aspects which may have good knowledge Training has been of benefit to staff to address the full range of needs and ability to maximise the full potential, interest capability and willingness of everyone By enhancing commitment and motivation, clear policy and direction, clear and acceptable set of rules In monitoring, review and evaluation mechanisms at both and operational management levels Gives greater employee expectations, employee commitment and enhancing total awareness of potential Gives a clear common standards in areas of shortfalls in practice, easily identified and effective remedy Training meets best practice standards whatever the sector or occupation and for actual practice Training improves high levels of staff value including high levels of pay and rewards. High priority and high quality on the job training. Training helps to boost and speeds up development processes and reflection of value within the business environment Training promotes uniformity in staff and the way they interact both with other colleagues and clients and customers. Also maintaining standardization in all aspect of production. Continuous training of both products and services thus enhances the staff competency, which brings out the best in any staff to work and aim at achieving the desire targets and goals and objectives of the company. It helps to oversee the design and production of all promotional materials for use in an organization It helps in developing and devising strategies in meeting the set standards and repositioning in the business environment EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION: Training motivates staff, drives the need, motive or goal that triggers action. Also a selection process that directs the choice of action to be carried out for better performance. Training has also helped in understanding where, why and how effective development has taken place and also providing information to be used as a basis for effective corrective action. REBRANDING REPOSITION: Training has been proven to be of immense help in rebranding of products which helps in productivity and sales and thus repositioning of companies image within the business environments. All these benefits through training have been of great impact on staffs and organization in transforming to a better creativity and productivity. ASSIGNMENT NAME: PATRICK N. MADUGBA IDENTITY: ST2001-09 COURSE: PGD-BA SUBJECT: HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT TOPIC: WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY INTEGRATED HUMAN RESOURCE STRATEGIES LECTURER: BENJAMIN A. ADEBOWALE DATE: 1ST MARCH, 2010 Integrated HR Strategy This simply means a way of putting policy in place in the right areas such as how to recruitment the best employees,ÂÂ  how to retain the best employees,ÂÂ  how to terminate poor employees, also it does require thinking ahead, planning ways for a company to meet the needs of its employees and the employees meeting the needs of the company and achieving its goal and targets. However,ÂÂ  its obvious that companies who work very hard in meeting the needs of their employees can develop a work environment favourable for productivity. Shaun Tyson (1995) defines HR strategy as the intentions of the corporation, both explicit and cover, towards the management of its employees, expressed through philosophies, policies and practices. Typically, strategic HRM bridges business strategy and HRM and focuses on the integration of HR with the business and its environment. One of the key elements of HRM is the internal integration of HR policy goals with each other. David guest (1989) incorporated the HR policy goals of strategic integration, commitment, quality and flexibility into a model. He suggests that these HRM policy goals are a package which Purcell (1996) considers to have six common elements as follows: Careful recruitment and selection Extensive use of systems of communication Team working with flexible job design Emphasis on training and development Involvement in decision making Performance appraisal with tight links to contingent pay. The rationale for strategic HRM thinking is that by integrating HRM with the business strategy, rather than HR strategies being a separate set of priorities, employees will be managed more effectively, organisational performance will improve and therefore business success will follow ,however this in itself may not be enough . Tony Grundy (1998) suggests: Human resource strategy in itself may not be effective. Integrating corporate strategy and HR matters into an organisation and people strategy may prove more successful. Certain drivers for change are already starting to transform the employment landscape, reversing previous power balance between employers and the employees. Globalisation is highlighting the need for organisation to manage the development of talent as well as to manage knowledge in complex. Technology and the rapid changes in working practices and skills requirements are enabling employees who are truly employable to command their price and dictate terms to their employers, while line management is quite responsible for the growth and survival of the business and its employees. HR as a function has potentially key role to play in partnering the line to prepare their organisations for future challenges. This is where operational effectiveness has to be balanced by a strategic perspective. This need for balance is demonstrated through one of the major thrust of strategic thinking in recent years. Hamel and Prahalads (1994) idea of the core competence of a firm suggests that firms should build their strategies to what they do best. One of the key of challenges for the leaders of any organisation is to provide a sense of direction and a focus for the organisations activities. Ideally, strategic direction involves creating a situation in organisations where the present is being driven from the future, rather than simply being seen as an extrapolation from the past. In changing times there is a greater need for clarity of business direction than in more stable times when the status quo provides employees with guidance as to what is expected of them. However, if employees are to be able to contribute their skills in the most effective way in order to realise business aims, it helps if people know what these aims are, knowing the need of what is expected of them and why. In some organisations, the business direction is made clear in strategic imperatives and the business plan. However, commentators such as Guest (1987) and Storey (1995) regard HRM as substantially different model built on unitarism i.e. employees share the same interest as employers; Individualism, High Commitment and Strategic Alignment (Integrating HR strategy with the business strategy). It suggested therefore, that HRM has also emphasized that employees should be considered as assets rather than variable cost. A strategic HR is likely to have a number of key roles relating to the attraction, development and retention of talent. This may mean competing for the best employees through developing innovative approaches to careers and rewards. Quality of management is likely to be another key agenda item; this may mean introducing tough and effective assessment and development process to ensure that the organisation has the leadership it needs. The enabling of high performance is likely to be a key target for strategic HRM. This involves understanding how high performance is built and sustained, as well as identifying and eliminating barriers to high performance and this will probably involve addressing those aspects of organisational life which have an adverse effect on peoples motivation. HRM policies and practices have been linked to competitive advantage as follows: Communication/corporate responsibility which lays emphasis on communication and corporate responsibility Resourcing Emphasis on external resourcing and internal resourcing on aspect of training and careers development. Culture Promoting an empowerment culture, diversity and an equality culture. Organisational structure and control Emphasis on flexible organisations/work practices, utilising IT to structure the organisation, horizontal management and reward innovation/creativity. Strategic This is where HR planning provides valuable data and is carried out as an integral part of the overall strategic planning process. This involves line managers in developing and evaluating HR practices since this approach recognizes that those who are most knowledgeable about the workforce should be involved in building commitment to the strategy across the organisation. Typical objectives associated with different areas of HR responsibility (after Lam and Schaubrock) include: Maximum strategic impact Aligning HR practices with business objectives, conducting development programmes to support strategic changes. Improving HR adaptability on changing environment and enhancing workforce capability and motivation. Coordinate Integrating diverse HR functions and operations, develop compensation and benefit programmes, improve HR project management, coordination between various HR functions and any potential HR problem. Improve team effectiveness. Communicate Improving employee involvement and understanding of HR, communicating HR policies inside the organisations, conducting job analyses for long-term objectives, improving management acceptance of current/new HR policies and also communicating HR policies outside the company. Control Improving HR resource procedures and control, managing personnel-related cost, reviewing HR operations procedures, improving HR budget control and clarify budget and resources availability.